Abstract:
A 79-year-old woman underwent surgery, and received radiation therapy and chemotherapy for right mandibular squamous cell carcinoma 9 years prior. She visited our hospital for recurrent treatment and was administered nivolumab, after which systemic rashes were observed. Although three successive doses of nivolumab were administered concomitantly with steroids, acute disseminated eruptive pustulosis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, interstitial pneumonia, and stomatitis occurred. The steroid pulse was combined with cefepime and sivelestat, but little improvement was observed. Nivolumab was suspended, and supportive care was provided. These results indicate that when nivolumab causes adverse effects, assessment of immune-related adverse events, laboratory inspection items, consultation schedules, and oral palliative care is necessary. Furthermore, establishing oral palliative care is needed so that patients with cancer can live comfortably at the end of their lives.

Key words: Oral palliative medicine, Immune-related adverse events (irAEs), Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), Interstitial pneumonia, End-of-life

Abstract:
In recent years, green tea has received attention for its health benefits. Green tea derived from the processing of leaves of the Camellia senesis and is mainly consumed as a popular beverage in Asia and the Middle East because it is healthy and relatively inexpensive. Evidence of its efficacy have increasingly been accumulated from cellular, animal, clinical, and epidemiological studies. Some of the benefits of green tea arise from a chemical component called catechin. Catechin is one of the polyphenols in green tea and is contained in it more than twice as much as in other teas; consequently, it is the key factor for the efficacy of green tea. Here, we have discussed the health benefits of catechin in the daily intake of green tea. We overviewed the efficacy of green tea, focusing on some lifestyle-related diseases such as blood pressure, blood sugar, lipoid, angiopathy, cognitive function, oral disease, and some types of cancers such as gastric cancer, colon cancer, and prostate cancer. In this review, we examined clinical and epidemiological studies conducted over the last twenty years. To summarize, we suggest that taking more than 3–4 cups of green tea per day could have a significant efficacy against these diseases.

Key words: Camellia sinensis; green tea; catechin; Epigallocatechin-3-gallate; polyphenol

Abstract:
In super-aged society, dysphagia is a common problem, which leads to frailty and sarcopenia in elderly people, and makes food intake difficult. In this study, we focused on dietary fluid as useful indicators for assisting with feeding difficulties.
　To elucidate the best percentage of water content in foods, we enrolled seven healthy adults without dysphagia. They were given white rice with 60, 70, 80, and 90% water content (% by weight), and the ease of swallowing was scored. The results showed that white rice with 80% water content, which is similar to the code 3 of the Code in Japanese Dysphagia Diet 2013 by the JSDR dysphagia diet committee (JDD2013), was significantly easier to swallow (P<0.001).
　This study indicated that white rice with 80% water content are suitable for swallowing and would be an indicator for people with swallowing difficulties.

Key words: Japanese Dysphagia Diet 2013 (JDD2013); dysphagia; swallowing; dietary fluid